Frequency of serological non-responders and false-negative RT-PCR leads to SARS-CoV-2 testing: a population-based research
Goals The sensitivity of molecular and serological strategies for COVID-19 testing in an epidemiological setting isn’t effectively described. The intention of the research was to find out the frequency of detrimental RT-PCR outcomes at first scientific presentation in addition to detrimental serological outcomes after a follow-up of at the least Three weeks.
Strategies Amongst all sufferers seen for suspected COVID-19 in Liechtenstein (n=1921), we included initially RT-PCR constructive index sufferers (n=85) in addition to initially RT-PCR detrimental (n=66) for follow-up with SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing.
Antibodies had been detected with seven completely different commercially obtainable immunoassays. Frequencies of detrimental RT-PCR and serology leads to people with COVID-19 had been decided and in comparison with these noticed in a validation cohort of Swiss sufferers (n=211).
Outcomes Amongst COVID-19 sufferers in Liechtenstein, false-negative RT-PCR at preliminary presentation was seen in 18% (12/66), whereas detrimental serology in COVID-19 sufferers was 4% (3/85). The validation cohort confirmed related frequencies: 2/66 (3%) for detrimental serology, and 16/155 (10%) for false detrimental RT-PCR. COVID-19 sufferers with detrimental follow-up serology tended to have an extended illness period (p=0.05) and extra scientific signs than different sufferers with COVID-19 (p<0.05).
The antibody titer from quantitative immunoassays was positively related to the variety of illness signs and illness period (p<0.001). Conclusions RT-PCR at preliminary presentation in sufferers with suspected COVID-19 can miss contaminated sufferers. Antibody titers of SARS-CoV-2 assays are linked to the variety of illness signs and the period of illness. One in 25 sufferers with RT-PCR-positive COVID-19 doesn’t develop antibodies detectable with incessantly employed and commercially obtainable immunoassays.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Human Versican (VS) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Human Versican (VS) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Human Versican (VS) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Human Versican (VS) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Versican (VS) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates or other biological fluids.
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Versican (VS) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates or other biological fluids.
Description: The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human VS. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Human VS. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Human VS, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Human VS in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.
Description: The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human VS. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Human VS. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Human VS, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Human VS in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Versican (VS) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Versican (VS) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Versican (VS) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Versican (VS) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Versican (VS) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species.
Description: Versican (VCAN), also known as CSPG2, is a large extracellular matrix proteoglycan that is present in a variety of human tissues. Versican is a large chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. The Versican gene is mapped on 5q14.2-q14.3. The human versican gene contains 15 exons spanning more than 90 kb. The distribution of versican by using affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies that recognize the core protein of the prominent versican splice variants V0 and V1. Versican staining was noted in the central and peripheral nervous system, in the basal layer of the epidermis, and on the luminal surface of some glandular epithelia. Biochemical purification of LLC-conditioned medium led to identification of the extracellular matrix proteoglycan versican, which is upregulated in many human tumors including lung cancer, as a macrophage activator that acts through TLR2 and its coreceptors TLR6 and CD14. By activating TLR2:TLR6 complexes and inducing TNF-alpha secretion by myeloid cells, versican strongly enhances LLC metastatic growth.
Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Versican from Human in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids.
When ought to clinicians repeat SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR?: Repeat PCR testing concentrating on sufferers with pulmonary CT findings suggestive of COVID-19
Actual-time reverse transcription polymerase chain response (RT-PCR) testing for SARS-CoV-2 is typically repeated when clinicians suspect a false-negative consequence, however the circumstances below which repeated RT-PCR testing is warranted stay unclear. We evaluated the follow of repeat RT-PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 in 45 sufferers who retested after an preliminary detrimental PCR check. Of those, the analysis of coronavirus illness (COVID-19) was confirmed in 4 sufferers with typical chest computed tomography (CT) findings, and one affected person with out typical CT findings in whom the check consequence was strongly suspected to be false constructive. We advocate repeat RT-PCR just for sufferers with typical CT findings of COVID-19.
A survey of gastrointestinal nematode species in pink deer (Cervus elaphus) farms in New Zealand utilizing PCR
Gastrointestinal nematodes are recognised as an animal well being situation for farmed pink deer. The intention of this research was to discover the vary of species infecting farmed deer herds and their farm-level prevalence in New Zealand. Faecal samples had been collected from 12-24-month-old deer (n = 6-26; imply 19) on 59 farms positioned within the North (n = 25) and South (n = 34) Islands. Sub-samples of faeces had been pooled by farm and cultured to recuperate third stage larvae. Twenty 4 larvae had been randomly chosen and recognized to species utilizing a multiplex PCR (complete = 1217 larvae).
At farm-level probably the most prevalent nematodes had been Oesophagostomum venulosum 83% (n = 49) and the deer-specific nematodes within the subfamily Ostertagiinae (=Ostertagia-type) together with, Spiculoptera asymmetrica 73% (n = 43), Ostertagia leptospicularis 47% (n = 28), Spiculoptera spiculoptera 47% (n = 28). The just lately recognized Trichostrongylus askivali was current on 32% (n = 19) of the farms and Oesophagostomum sikae on 17% (n = 10).
Within the evaluation of the whole variety of larvae recognized, the proportion was in related order, 45% (n = 548) had been O. venulosum, 14% (n = 173) S. asymmetrica, 10% (n = 124) S. spiculoptera, 9% (n = 114) O. leptospicularis, T. askivali, 3% (n = 40) and solely 2% had been O. sikae (n = 20). This research is the primary to point out the farm-level prevalence of nematode species in deer in New Zealand and the primary to make use of PCR as a diagnostic software.
It supplies knowledge per cross-infection from sheep/cattle to deer, and offered tentative insights into the proportions of the primary GIN species throughout the deer inhabitants together with O. sikae and T. askivali which have solely just lately been recognized in New Zealand.
Description: CD40 ligand (CD40L), also known as CD154, TNFSF5, TRAP or gp39, is a 260 amino acid type II transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the TNF family. Murine CD40L consists of a 22 aa cytoplasmic domain, a 24 aa transmembrane domain, and 214 aa extracellular domain bearing a single glycosylation site. CD40L is expressed predominantly on activated CD4+ T lymphocytes, and also found in other types of cells, including NK cells, mast cells, basophils and eosinophils. Murine CD40L shares 78% amino acid sequence identity with human CD40L. Native bioactive soluble CD40L exists. Soluble human trimeric CD40L secreted by stimulated T cells has been shown to be generated by proteolysis in the microsomes. Both membrane bound and soluble CD40L induce similar effects on B cells.
Description: Mouse CD40 Ligand, Fc Tag (CDL-M526x) is expressed from human 293 cells (HEK293). It contains AA Gly 115 - Leu 260 (Accession # P27548-1).
Description: CD40 ligand (CD40L), also known as CD154, TNFSF5, TRAP or gp39, is a 260 amino acid type II transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the TNF family. Murine CD40L consists of a 22 aa cytoplasmic domain, a 24 aa transmembrane domain, and 214 aa extracellular domain bearing a single glycosylation site. CD40L is expressed predominantly on activated CD4+ T lymphocytes, and also found in other types of cells, including NK cells, mast cells, basophils and eosinophils. Murine CD40L shares 78% amino acid sequence identity with human CD40L. Native bioactive soluble CD40L exists. Soluble human trimeric CD40L secreted by stimulated T cells has been shown to be generated by proteolysis in the microsomes. Both membrane bound and soluble CD40L induce similar effects on B cells.
Description: CD40, a member of the TNF receptor family, is a cell surface protein expressed on B cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, thymic epithelial cells and, at low levels, on T cells. Signaling though CD40 plays an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of B cells, and is critical for immunoglobulin (Ig) class switching. The membrane-anchored CD40-Ligand is expressed almost exclusively on activated CD4+ T lymphocytes. Failure to express CD40L leads to "immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM", a disease characterized by failure to produce IgG, IgA and IgE. The soluble form of CD40L is an 18 kDa protein comprising the entire TNF homologous region of CD40L and is generated in vivo by an intracellular proteolytic processing of the full length CD40L. Recombinant murine CD40L is a soluble 16.4 kDa protein containing 149 amino acid residues comprising the receptor binding TNF-like domain of CD40L.
Mouse CD40 Ligand/TRAP, soluble Recombinant Protein
Description: CD40, a member of the TNF receptor family, is a cell surface protein expressed on B cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, thymic epithelial cells and, at low levels, on T cells. Signaling though CD40 plays an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of B cells, and is critical for immunoglobulin (Ig) class switching. The membrane-anchored CD40-Ligand is expressed almost exclusively on activated CD4+ T lymphocytes. Failure to express CD40L leads to "immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM", a disease characterized by failure to produce IgG, IgA and IgE. The soluble form of CD40L is an 18 kDa protein comprising the entire TNF homologous region of CD40L and is generated in vivo by an intracellular proteolytic processing of the full length CD40L. Recombinant murine CD40L is a soluble 16.4 kDa protein containing 149 amino acid residues comprising the receptor binding TNF-like domain of CD40L.
Description: CD40 Ligand (CD40LG) is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the TNF superfamily. Like other TNF superfamily members, CD40LG exists as a trimer in membrane bound and soluble form, both of which are bioactive. CD40LG is a ligand for CD40; its ligation also initiates signal transduction in CD40LG expressing cells. CD40LG is a differentiation antigen that is expressed on the surface of T-cells. It stimulates B-cell proliferation and secretion of all immunoglobulin isotypes in the presence of cytokines. CD40LG has been shown to induce cytokine production and tumoricidal activity in peripheral blood monocytes. It also co-stimulates proliferation of activated T-cells and this is accompanied by the production of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL2.
Description: CD40 Ligand (CD40LG) is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the TNF superfamily. Like other TNF superfamily members, CD40LG exists as a trimer in membrane bound and soluble form, both of which are bioactive. CD40LG is a ligand for CD40; its ligation also initiates signal transduction in CD40LG expressing cells. CD40LG is a differentiation antigen that is expressed on the surface of T-cells. It stimulates B-cell proliferation and secretion of all immunoglobulin isotypes in the presence of cytokines. CD40LG has been shown to induce cytokine production and tumoricidal activity in peripheral blood monocytes. It also co-stimulates proliferation of activated T-cells and this is accompanied by the production of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL2.
Description: CD40 ligand is also known as CD40L, CD154, TNFSF5 and T-cell antigen Gp39, is a single-pass type I I membrane protein which belongs to the TNF superfamily of molecules. CD40 ligand is expressed predominantly on activated CD4+ T lymphocytes, and also found in other types of cells, including platelets, mast cells, macrophages, basophils, NK cells, B lymphocytes, as well as non-haematopoietic cells (smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells). Although all monomeric, dimeric and trimeric forms of soluble CD40 ligand can bind to CD40, the trimeric form of soluble CD40 ligand has the most potent biological activity through oligomerization of cell surface CD40, a common feature of TNF receptor family members.CD40 ligand binds to CD40 on antigen-presenting cells (APC), which leads to many effects depending on the target cell type. In general, CD40 ligand plays the role of a costimulatory molecule and induces activation in APC in association with T cell receptor stimulation by MHC molecules on the APC. In total CD40 ligand has three binding partners: CD40, alpha5beta1 integrin and alphaIIbbeta3. CD40 ligand regulates B cell function by engaging CD40 on the B cell surface. A defect in this gene results in an inability to undergo immunoglobulin class switch and is associated with hyper IgM syndrome.
Description: CD40 ligand is also known as CD40L, CD154, TNFSF5 and T-cell antigen Gp39, is a single-pass type I I membrane protein which belongs to the TNF superfamily of molecules. CD40 ligand is expressed predominantly on activated CD4+ T lymphocytes, and also found in other types of cells, including platelets, mast cells, macrophages, basophils, NK cells, B lymphocytes, as well as non-haematopoietic cells (smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells). Although all monomeric, dimeric and trimeric forms of soluble CD40 ligand can bind to CD40, the trimeric form of soluble CD40 ligand has the most potent biological activity through oligomerization of cell surface CD40, a common feature of TNF receptor family members.CD40 ligand binds to CD40 on antigen-presenting cells (APC), which leads to many effects depending on the target cell type. In general, CD40 ligand plays the role of a costimulatory molecule and induces activation in APC in association with T cell receptor stimulation by MHC molecules on the APC. In total CD40 ligand has three binding partners: CD40, alpha5beta1 integrin and alphaIIbbeta3. CD40 ligand regulates B cell function by engaging CD40 on the B cell surface. A defect in this gene results in an inability to undergo immunoglobulin class switch and is associated with hyper IgM syndrome.
Description: sCD40 Mouse Recombinant produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 155 amino acids (112-260 a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 17.2kDa (Migrates at 18-28kDa on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions).;sCD40 is expressed with a 6 amino acid His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: CD40LG protein is expressed on all B lymphocytes during various stages of development, activated T cells and monocytes, follicular dendritic cells, thymic epithelial cells, and various carcinoma cell lines. It is expressed on most mature B cell malignancies and on some early B cell acute lymphocytic leukemias. Human CD40LG has been found to be the receptor for a protein involved in an X-linked immunodeficiency syndrome. Based on its homology with other members of the TNF ligand protein superfamily, CD40LG is also referred to also as TNFSF5. The soluble form of CD40LG is generated by the intracellular proteolytic processing of the full length CD40LG. Recombinant Human CD40LG is a 17 kDa protein that represents the soluble segment of full length CD40LG and encompasses the receptor binding TNF-like domain.
Description: CD40LG protein is expressed on all B lymphocytes during various stages of development, activated T cells and monocytes, follicular dendritic cells, thymic epithelial cells, and various carcinoma cell lines. It is expressed on most mature B cell malignancies and on some early B cell acute lymphocytic leukemias. Human CD40LG has been found to be the receptor for a protein involved in an X-linked immunodeficiency syndrome. Based on its homology with other members of the TNF ligand protein superfamily, CD40LG is also referred to also as TNFSF5. The soluble form of CD40LG is generated by the intracellular proteolytic processing of the full length CD40LG. Recombinant Human CD40LG is a 17 kDa protein that represents the soluble segment of full length CD40LG and encompasses the receptor binding TNF-like domain.
Description: CD40LG protein is expressed on all B lymphocytes during various stages of development, activated T cells and monocytes, follicular dendritic cells, thymic epithelial cells, and various carcinoma cell lines. It is expressed on most mature B cell malignancies and on some early B cell acute lymphocytic leukemias. Human CD40LG has been found to be the receptor for a protein involved in an X-linked immunodeficiency syndrome. Based on its homology with other members of the TNF ligand protein superfamily, CD40LG is also referred to also as TNFSF5. The soluble form of CD40LG is generated by the intracellular proteolytic processing of the full length CD40LG. Recombinant Human CD40LG is a 17 kDa protein that represents the soluble segment of full length CD40LG and encompasses the receptor binding TNF-like domain.
Description: CD40, a member of the TNF receptor family, is a cell surface protein expressed on B cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, thymic epithelial cells and, at low levels, on T cells. Signaling though CD40 plays an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of B cells, and is critical for immunoglobulin (Ig) class switching. The membrane-anchored CD40-Ligand is expressed almost exclusively on activated CD4+ T lymphocytes. Failure to express CD40L leads to "immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM", a disease characterized by failure to produce IgG, IgA and IgE. The soluble form of CD40L is an 18kDa protein comprising the entire TNF homologous region of CD40L and is generated in vivo by an intracellular proteolytic processing of the full length CD40L. Recombinant murine CD40L is a soluble 16.4 kDa protein containing 149 amino acid residues comprising the receptor binding TNF-like domain of CD40L.
Description: CD40, a member of the TNF receptor family, is a cell surface protein expressed on B cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, thymic epithelial cells and, at low levels, on T cells. Signaling though CD40 plays an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of B cells, and is critical for immunoglobulin (Ig) class switching. The membrane-anchored CD40-Ligand is expressed almost exclusively on activated CD4+ T lymphocytes. Failure to express CD40L leads to "immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM", a disease characterized by failure to produce IgG, IgA and IgE. The soluble form of CD40L is an 18kDa protein comprising the entire TNF homologous region of CD40L and is generated in vivo by an intracellular proteolytic processing of the full length CD40L. Recombinant murine CD40L is a soluble 16.4 kDa protein containing 149 amino acid residues comprising the receptor binding TNF-like domain of CD40L.
Strategies Amongst all sufferers seen for suspected COVID-19 in Liechtenstein (n=1921), we included initially RT-PCR constructive index sufferers (n=85) in addition to initially RT-PCR detrimental (n=66) for follow-up with SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing.
Antibodies had been detected with seven completely different commercially obtainable immunoassays. Frequencies of detrimental RT-PCR and serology leads to people with COVID-19 had been decided and in comparison with these noticed in a validation cohort of Swiss sufferers (n=211).
Outcomes Amongst COVID-19 sufferers in Liechtenstein, false-negative RT-PCR at preliminary presentation was seen in 18% (12/66), whereas detrimental serology in COVID-19 sufferers was 4% (3/85). The validation cohort confirmed related frequencies: 2/66 (3%) for detrimental serology, and 16/155 (10%) for false detrimental RT-PCR. COVID-19 sufferers with detrimental follow-up serology tended to have an extended illness period (p=0.05) and extra scientific signs than different sufferers with COVID-19 (p<0.05).
The antibody titer from quantitative immunoassays was positively related to the variety of illness signs and illness period (p<0.001). Conclusions RT-PCR at preliminary presentation in sufferers with suspected COVID-19 can miss contaminated sufferers. Antibody titers of SARS-CoV-2 assays are linked to the variety of illness signs and the period of illness. One in 25 sufferers with RT-PCR-positive COVID-19 doesn’t develop antibodies detectable with incessantly employed and commercially obtainable immunoassays.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Human Versican (VS) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Human Versican (VS) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Human Versican (VS) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Human Versican (VS) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Versican (VS) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates or other biological fluids.
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Versican (VS) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates or other biological fluids.
Description: The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human VS. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Human VS. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Human VS, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Human VS in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.
Description: The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human VS. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Human VS. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Human VS, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Human VS in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Versican (VS) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Versican (VS) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Versican (VS) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Versican (VS) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Versican (VS) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species.
Description: Versican (VCAN), also known as CSPG2, is a large extracellular matrix proteoglycan that is present in a variety of human tissues. Versican is a large chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. The Versican gene is mapped on 5q14.2-q14.3. The human versican gene contains 15 exons spanning more than 90 kb. The distribution of versican by using affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies that recognize the core protein of the prominent versican splice variants V0 and V1. Versican staining was noted in the central and peripheral nervous system, in the basal layer of the epidermis, and on the luminal surface of some glandular epithelia. Biochemical purification of LLC-conditioned medium led to identification of the extracellular matrix proteoglycan versican, which is upregulated in many human tumors including lung cancer, as a macrophage activator that acts through TLR2 and its coreceptors TLR6 and CD14. By activating TLR2:TLR6 complexes and inducing TNF-alpha secretion by myeloid cells, versican strongly enhances LLC metastatic growth.
Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Versican from Human in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids.
When ought to clinicians repeat SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR?: Repeat PCR testing concentrating on sufferers with pulmonary CT findings suggestive of COVID-19
Actual-time reverse transcription polymerase chain response (RT-PCR) testing for SARS-CoV-2 is typically repeated when clinicians suspect a false-negative consequence, however the circumstances below which repeated RT-PCR testing is warranted stay unclear. We evaluated the follow of repeat RT-PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 in 45 sufferers who retested after an preliminary detrimental PCR check. Of those, the analysis of coronavirus illness (COVID-19) was confirmed in 4 sufferers with typical chest computed tomography (CT) findings, and one affected person with out typical CT findings in whom the check consequence was strongly suspected to be false constructive. We advocate repeat RT-PCR just for sufferers with typical CT findings of COVID-19.
A survey of gastrointestinal nematode species in pink deer (Cervus elaphus) farms in New Zealand utilizing PCR
Gastrointestinal nematodes are recognised as an animal well being situation for farmed pink deer. The intention of this research was to discover the vary of species infecting farmed deer herds and their farm-level prevalence in New Zealand. Faecal samples had been collected from 12-24-month-old deer (n = 6-26; imply 19) on 59 farms positioned within the North (n = 25) and South (n = 34) Islands. Sub-samples of faeces had been pooled by farm and cultured to recuperate third stage larvae. Twenty 4 larvae had been randomly chosen and recognized to species utilizing a multiplex PCR (complete = 1217 larvae).
At farm-level probably the most prevalent nematodes had been Oesophagostomum venulosum 83% (n = 49) and the deer-specific nematodes within the subfamily Ostertagiinae (=Ostertagia-type) together with, Spiculoptera asymmetrica 73% (n = 43), Ostertagia leptospicularis 47% (n = 28), Spiculoptera spiculoptera 47% (n = 28). The just lately recognized Trichostrongylus askivali was current on 32% (n = 19) of the farms and Oesophagostomum sikae on 17% (n = 10).
Within the evaluation of the whole variety of larvae recognized, the proportion was in related order, 45% (n = 548) had been O. venulosum, 14% (n = 173) S. asymmetrica, 10% (n = 124) S. spiculoptera, 9% (n = 114) O. leptospicularis, T. askivali, 3% (n = 40) and solely 2% had been O. sikae (n = 20). This research is the primary to point out the farm-level prevalence of nematode species in deer in New Zealand and the primary to make use of PCR as a diagnostic software.
It supplies knowledge per cross-infection from sheep/cattle to deer, and offered tentative insights into the proportions of the primary GIN species throughout the deer inhabitants together with O. sikae and T. askivali which have solely just lately been recognized in New Zealand.
Description: CD40 ligand (CD40L), also known as CD154, TNFSF5, TRAP or gp39, is a 260 amino acid type II transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the TNF family. Murine CD40L consists of a 22 aa cytoplasmic domain, a 24 aa transmembrane domain, and 214 aa extracellular domain bearing a single glycosylation site. CD40L is expressed predominantly on activated CD4+ T lymphocytes, and also found in other types of cells, including NK cells, mast cells, basophils and eosinophils. Murine CD40L shares 78% amino acid sequence identity with human CD40L. Native bioactive soluble CD40L exists. Soluble human trimeric CD40L secreted by stimulated T cells has been shown to be generated by proteolysis in the microsomes. Both membrane bound and soluble CD40L induce similar effects on B cells.
Description: Mouse CD40 Ligand, Fc Tag (CDL-M526x) is expressed from human 293 cells (HEK293). It contains AA Gly 115 - Leu 260 (Accession # P27548-1).
Description: CD40 ligand (CD40L), also known as CD154, TNFSF5, TRAP or gp39, is a 260 amino acid type II transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the TNF family. Murine CD40L consists of a 22 aa cytoplasmic domain, a 24 aa transmembrane domain, and 214 aa extracellular domain bearing a single glycosylation site. CD40L is expressed predominantly on activated CD4+ T lymphocytes, and also found in other types of cells, including NK cells, mast cells, basophils and eosinophils. Murine CD40L shares 78% amino acid sequence identity with human CD40L. Native bioactive soluble CD40L exists. Soluble human trimeric CD40L secreted by stimulated T cells has been shown to be generated by proteolysis in the microsomes. Both membrane bound and soluble CD40L induce similar effects on B cells.
Description: CD40, a member of the TNF receptor family, is a cell surface protein expressed on B cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, thymic epithelial cells and, at low levels, on T cells. Signaling though CD40 plays an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of B cells, and is critical for immunoglobulin (Ig) class switching. The membrane-anchored CD40-Ligand is expressed almost exclusively on activated CD4+ T lymphocytes. Failure to express CD40L leads to "immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM", a disease characterized by failure to produce IgG, IgA and IgE. The soluble form of CD40L is an 18 kDa protein comprising the entire TNF homologous region of CD40L and is generated in vivo by an intracellular proteolytic processing of the full length CD40L. Recombinant murine CD40L is a soluble 16.4 kDa protein containing 149 amino acid residues comprising the receptor binding TNF-like domain of CD40L.
Mouse CD40 Ligand/TRAP, soluble Recombinant Protein
Description: CD40, a member of the TNF receptor family, is a cell surface protein expressed on B cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, thymic epithelial cells and, at low levels, on T cells. Signaling though CD40 plays an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of B cells, and is critical for immunoglobulin (Ig) class switching. The membrane-anchored CD40-Ligand is expressed almost exclusively on activated CD4+ T lymphocytes. Failure to express CD40L leads to "immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM", a disease characterized by failure to produce IgG, IgA and IgE. The soluble form of CD40L is an 18 kDa protein comprising the entire TNF homologous region of CD40L and is generated in vivo by an intracellular proteolytic processing of the full length CD40L. Recombinant murine CD40L is a soluble 16.4 kDa protein containing 149 amino acid residues comprising the receptor binding TNF-like domain of CD40L.
Description: CD40 Ligand (CD40LG) is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the TNF superfamily. Like other TNF superfamily members, CD40LG exists as a trimer in membrane bound and soluble form, both of which are bioactive. CD40LG is a ligand for CD40; its ligation also initiates signal transduction in CD40LG expressing cells. CD40LG is a differentiation antigen that is expressed on the surface of T-cells. It stimulates B-cell proliferation and secretion of all immunoglobulin isotypes in the presence of cytokines. CD40LG has been shown to induce cytokine production and tumoricidal activity in peripheral blood monocytes. It also co-stimulates proliferation of activated T-cells and this is accompanied by the production of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL2.
Description: CD40 Ligand (CD40LG) is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the TNF superfamily. Like other TNF superfamily members, CD40LG exists as a trimer in membrane bound and soluble form, both of which are bioactive. CD40LG is a ligand for CD40; its ligation also initiates signal transduction in CD40LG expressing cells. CD40LG is a differentiation antigen that is expressed on the surface of T-cells. It stimulates B-cell proliferation and secretion of all immunoglobulin isotypes in the presence of cytokines. CD40LG has been shown to induce cytokine production and tumoricidal activity in peripheral blood monocytes. It also co-stimulates proliferation of activated T-cells and this is accompanied by the production of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL2.
Description: CD40 ligand is also known as CD40L, CD154, TNFSF5 and T-cell antigen Gp39, is a single-pass type I I membrane protein which belongs to the TNF superfamily of molecules. CD40 ligand is expressed predominantly on activated CD4+ T lymphocytes, and also found in other types of cells, including platelets, mast cells, macrophages, basophils, NK cells, B lymphocytes, as well as non-haematopoietic cells (smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells). Although all monomeric, dimeric and trimeric forms of soluble CD40 ligand can bind to CD40, the trimeric form of soluble CD40 ligand has the most potent biological activity through oligomerization of cell surface CD40, a common feature of TNF receptor family members.CD40 ligand binds to CD40 on antigen-presenting cells (APC), which leads to many effects depending on the target cell type. In general, CD40 ligand plays the role of a costimulatory molecule and induces activation in APC in association with T cell receptor stimulation by MHC molecules on the APC. In total CD40 ligand has three binding partners: CD40, alpha5beta1 integrin and alphaIIbbeta3. CD40 ligand regulates B cell function by engaging CD40 on the B cell surface. A defect in this gene results in an inability to undergo immunoglobulin class switch and is associated with hyper IgM syndrome.
Description: CD40 ligand is also known as CD40L, CD154, TNFSF5 and T-cell antigen Gp39, is a single-pass type I I membrane protein which belongs to the TNF superfamily of molecules. CD40 ligand is expressed predominantly on activated CD4+ T lymphocytes, and also found in other types of cells, including platelets, mast cells, macrophages, basophils, NK cells, B lymphocytes, as well as non-haematopoietic cells (smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells). Although all monomeric, dimeric and trimeric forms of soluble CD40 ligand can bind to CD40, the trimeric form of soluble CD40 ligand has the most potent biological activity through oligomerization of cell surface CD40, a common feature of TNF receptor family members.CD40 ligand binds to CD40 on antigen-presenting cells (APC), which leads to many effects depending on the target cell type. In general, CD40 ligand plays the role of a costimulatory molecule and induces activation in APC in association with T cell receptor stimulation by MHC molecules on the APC. In total CD40 ligand has three binding partners: CD40, alpha5beta1 integrin and alphaIIbbeta3. CD40 ligand regulates B cell function by engaging CD40 on the B cell surface. A defect in this gene results in an inability to undergo immunoglobulin class switch and is associated with hyper IgM syndrome.
Description: sCD40 Mouse Recombinant produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 155 amino acids (112-260 a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 17.2kDa (Migrates at 18-28kDa on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions).;sCD40 is expressed with a 6 amino acid His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: CD40LG protein is expressed on all B lymphocytes during various stages of development, activated T cells and monocytes, follicular dendritic cells, thymic epithelial cells, and various carcinoma cell lines. It is expressed on most mature B cell malignancies and on some early B cell acute lymphocytic leukemias. Human CD40LG has been found to be the receptor for a protein involved in an X-linked immunodeficiency syndrome. Based on its homology with other members of the TNF ligand protein superfamily, CD40LG is also referred to also as TNFSF5. The soluble form of CD40LG is generated by the intracellular proteolytic processing of the full length CD40LG. Recombinant Human CD40LG is a 17 kDa protein that represents the soluble segment of full length CD40LG and encompasses the receptor binding TNF-like domain.
Description: CD40LG protein is expressed on all B lymphocytes during various stages of development, activated T cells and monocytes, follicular dendritic cells, thymic epithelial cells, and various carcinoma cell lines. It is expressed on most mature B cell malignancies and on some early B cell acute lymphocytic leukemias. Human CD40LG has been found to be the receptor for a protein involved in an X-linked immunodeficiency syndrome. Based on its homology with other members of the TNF ligand protein superfamily, CD40LG is also referred to also as TNFSF5. The soluble form of CD40LG is generated by the intracellular proteolytic processing of the full length CD40LG. Recombinant Human CD40LG is a 17 kDa protein that represents the soluble segment of full length CD40LG and encompasses the receptor binding TNF-like domain.
Description: CD40LG protein is expressed on all B lymphocytes during various stages of development, activated T cells and monocytes, follicular dendritic cells, thymic epithelial cells, and various carcinoma cell lines. It is expressed on most mature B cell malignancies and on some early B cell acute lymphocytic leukemias. Human CD40LG has been found to be the receptor for a protein involved in an X-linked immunodeficiency syndrome. Based on its homology with other members of the TNF ligand protein superfamily, CD40LG is also referred to also as TNFSF5. The soluble form of CD40LG is generated by the intracellular proteolytic processing of the full length CD40LG. Recombinant Human CD40LG is a 17 kDa protein that represents the soluble segment of full length CD40LG and encompasses the receptor binding TNF-like domain.
Description: CD40, a member of the TNF receptor family, is a cell surface protein expressed on B cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, thymic epithelial cells and, at low levels, on T cells. Signaling though CD40 plays an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of B cells, and is critical for immunoglobulin (Ig) class switching. The membrane-anchored CD40-Ligand is expressed almost exclusively on activated CD4+ T lymphocytes. Failure to express CD40L leads to "immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM", a disease characterized by failure to produce IgG, IgA and IgE. The soluble form of CD40L is an 18kDa protein comprising the entire TNF homologous region of CD40L and is generated in vivo by an intracellular proteolytic processing of the full length CD40L. Recombinant murine CD40L is a soluble 16.4 kDa protein containing 149 amino acid residues comprising the receptor binding TNF-like domain of CD40L.
Description: CD40, a member of the TNF receptor family, is a cell surface protein expressed on B cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, thymic epithelial cells and, at low levels, on T cells. Signaling though CD40 plays an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of B cells, and is critical for immunoglobulin (Ig) class switching. The membrane-anchored CD40-Ligand is expressed almost exclusively on activated CD4+ T lymphocytes. Failure to express CD40L leads to "immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM", a disease characterized by failure to produce IgG, IgA and IgE. The soluble form of CD40L is an 18kDa protein comprising the entire TNF homologous region of CD40L and is generated in vivo by an intracellular proteolytic processing of the full length CD40L. Recombinant murine CD40L is a soluble 16.4 kDa protein containing 149 amino acid residues comprising the receptor binding TNF-like domain of CD40L.
